5,000,000+ refugees from Ukraine in Europe
according to UNHCR
The conflict in Ukraine is producing the largest numbers of displaced people seen in Europe since World War II. What does this mean for European countries?
Facts and figures
We collect data on current flows of migrants from Ukraine into other European countries in response to the conflict.
This page describes characteristics of the population in Ukraine to understand the demographics of Ukrainian refugees. In particular, we report some key demographic information and labour market outcomes, such as the age structure and labour force participation.
Other things being equal, displaced Ukrainians may be expected to settle close to where other Ukrainian migrants already live. Understanding where this is and how existing migrants are integrated into their host countries is crucial for predicting outcomes of new arrivals.
We document the distribution of existing refugees across European countries prior to the current movements.
Different European countries are adopting different policies towards displaced Ukrainian migrants, and these regulations are rapidly evolving. We summarize the development of these policies as it occurs.
Research and analysis
CReAM fellows Dominik Hangartner and Matti Sarvimäki and coauthor Judith Spirig discuss the potential economic and political consequences of hosting Ukrainian refugees, and lessons for policymakers.
Refugees who master the majority language with a degree of fluency that makes regular interactions with native speakers possible integrate better into the local community and the labor market. Access to language training for refugees early on after arrival is, therefore, a sensible public policy that likely pays for itself within a few years from the investment – especially if the language course is within geographical reach, explains CReAM fellow Mette Foged.
CReAM fellow Sebastian Till Braun discusses lessons from large-scale displacements after World War II for the integration of displaced people and their families.
As millions of refugees flee the war in Ukraine, history points to the need to provide not only shelter and safety, but also educational opportunities. Efforts to do so can provide benefits for refugee children that last long into their adult lives, writes CReAM fellow Sascha O. Becker.
A review of the potential negative impacts of restricting labour market access to newly arrived asylum seekers based on “Lift the Ban? Initial Employment Restrictions and Refugee Labour Market Outcomes” by CReAM Research Associates Francesco Fasani, Tommaso Frattini, and Luigi Minale.
In a new CReAM discussion paper, the authors bring together evidence from four decades of Danish refugee policies to shed light on policies aimed at the labor market integration of refugee migrants.
An overview of what is known about refugee integration into host country societies based on “The Labor Market Integration of Refugee Migrants in High-Income Countries” by CReAM researchers Courtney Brell, Christian Dustmann, and Ian Preston.
Check back regularly as we add new research summaries and policy analysis.
If you would like to connect with one of our researchers to learn more about Ukrainian migration, refugees, or migration policy, please contact us.